Publications

The exploration of deeper hydrocarbon targets in the transition zone of West Pangkah, Northeast Java Basin, presents unique challenges due to complex geological settings and varying seismic responses, particularly within carbonate reservoirs. Historical seismic data, with a maximum offset of 2.7 km, has been utilized to understand these challenges. The primary focus is on deeper hydrocarbon targets within carbonate reservoirs. The seismic survey was conducted using the Ocean Bottom Cable (OBC) method, but it is still not capable of imaging deeper zones below carbonate reservoirs that pose significant challenges. Therefore, Structural Guided Seismic Enhancement techniques are used to smooth the seismic image while preserving subsurface discontinuities. Advanced seismic processing techniques and 3D seismic paleo-flattening are also employed to more effectively delineate deeper stratigraphic features and structural traps.

These techniques are crucial in carbonate reservoirs, where seismic responses can be highly variable due to several factors such as heterogeneity, porosity variations, and diagenetic alterations. Seismic geometry features other influential factors, such as development of carbonate growth, which can significantly impact seismic velocities and amplitudes. Additionally, variations in fluid saturation (oil, gas, and water), differences in mineral content that alter acoustic properties, and the anisotropic behavior often exhibited by carbonates can complicate seismic interpretation. These elements collectively make carbonate reservoirs a challenging yet fascinating subject in seismic reservoir characterizations.

The results of this research demonstrate significant improvements in the identification of potential new carbonate play models (fore reef carbonate), particularly within deeper carbonate formations. This enhanced seismic resolution approach provides a clearer understanding of the subsurface geology, leads to more precise target exploration, and reduces exploration risks. This paves the way for more efficient and successful hydrocarbon discovery in the transition zone of West Pangkah.