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Integrated Core Analysis of Salodik Group: The Pioneering Success For Future Potential of Collision Margin Carbonate Mega-Sequence in Eastern Indonesia Region

Proceedings Title : Proc. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., 47th Ann. Conv., 2023

This paper presents a compilation of core-based information of the Salodik Group carbonate sub-units particularly the Mantawa, Minahaki, and Upper Tomori Formations which have proven to be essential hydrocarbon reservoir zones in the subsurface of Banggai Basin. Each member within the Salodik Group has several distinct characteristics as a productive reservoir linked to the aforementioned dynamic tectonic phases. These traits strongly influence reservoir performance and serve as a crucial analogue for nearby development projects and exploration prospects with carbonate reservoirs in the Eastern Indonesia region. The Salodik Group carbonate mega-sequence is a known hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir in several medium- to large- oil and gas fields in Banggai Basin, Central Sulawesi. The Salodik Group is also unique due to its particular association with micro-continental and accreted ophiolitic terrane collisional setting that appears to control a pattern of rapid carbonate system depositional environment changes from bathyal outer shelf to shallow-marine inner shelf and ramp deposits to isolated reefal buildups during as active tectonic accretion of the Banggai-Sula Block progresses. The integrated core analysis of Mantawa Member reefal build-ups shows major influence of the secondary pore-forming diagenetic process that significantly enhancing the permeability over other stratigraphic units. Pervasive vugs and intercrystalline pore system were formed due to dolomitization and subaerial exposure leaching, which is more favorable in these units due to its position of capping the mega sequence. The Minahaki Formation, which forms the bulk of the Salodik Group shows different characteristics with more extensive and homogeneous lithology typical of ramp-platform setting and predominated by wacke-packstones with increasing upward proportion of globigerinid grainstones interlayer. The preservation and production potential from microporosity are evident from petrography, RCA analysis, and well tests within the Minahaki interval. The Upper Tomori Formation represents the basal part of the mega-sequence and experienced more degree of pore-occluding compaction process and contains more proportion of clay and insoluble due to deposition in restricted shallow marine or extensive lagoonal setting which deteriorates the reservoir quality. However, C-O isotope analysis shows the signature of post-burial uplift trend, possibly associated with the thrust faulting event and development of natural fractures that allows a high oil production rate despite very low matrix-permeability.

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