Publications

In many cases, evidence shows that Fold-Thrust-Belt (FTB) deformation formed a very complex fault geometry and networks resulting in significant challenges in conducting 2D/3D seismic reflection interpretation. Special techniques of investigation need to be developed not only to verify interpretation but also to understand their mechanism of formation, particularly the timing of fault sequences. Detailed understanding of fault sequences as well as strain accumulation during faulting leads towards interpretation fault as migration pathways of fluids movement and accumulation parameter such as high strain area representing high density fractures, which is very important in mapping prospects in a FTB. This strain parameter is also essential for developing 2D/3D basin modeling. In this paper, we will demonstrate such techniques that can be used to generate a better understanding of recognizing and interpreting the deformation mechanism in FTB. We introduce a method for evaluating the deformation process and displacement vector using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). This method is an indirect and non-intrusive method commonly used to identify the displacement vector of grainy materials, especially in sandbox modeling. We used the integration result of sandbox modeling and 3D palinspastic reconstructions for creating complete strain 3D distributions during FTB mechanism. Integrated both techniques give significant understanding in evaluating deformation sequences and high strain area. This information is commonly represented by fault zone and high-density fractures area. Faults can be functioning as a channel way for hydrocarbon fluids to flows and high-density fractures area can act as reservoir. Identify and map the high-strain domain becomes very important for localizing hydrocarbon prospects area in FTB system. Seismic interpretation suggested most of Eastern Indonesia FTB occurs in Tertiary Carbonate Sequences classified as thin-skinned type which is not involving Mesozoic Sequences. Therefore, identify the timing of deformation, specifically fault sequences, are very important in generating hydrocarbon play concepts. The result of the study indicates possible hydrocarbon accumulation within fault-related anticline in the Tertiary carbonate sequences.