Publications

In offshore operations, stack emission sampling is critical for monitoring and controlling greenhouse gas emissions. However, sampling on offshore platforms presents significant safety risks, especially for workers performing tasks at height. This study evaluates current emission sampling points and recommends improvements to enhance their suitability for emission monitoring, focusing on three key factors: (1) the potential for swirling or cyclonic flow at alternative sampling locations in horizontal ducting. Stable flow conditions are required to ensure accurate velocity and mass concentration measurements of pollutants without vortexing or backflow. (2) The suitability of sampling point positions to achieve optimal results for both manual and continuous emission monitoring. (3) The selection of appropriate monitoring methods, in compliance with regulatory and scientific guidelines for each emission source.

The study assesses whether current sampling points should be modified or relocated to reduce the risks of working at height. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling was used to provide recommendations for relocating sampling points to areas with steady flow conditions, in accordance with the 8D/2D principles. The International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (IOGP) states that falls from heights are one of the leading causes of fatalities in both the offshore. In the offshore sector, they rank 4th out of 12 causes, contributing to over 11.2% of deaths worldwide. In Indonesia, the Ministry of Manpower reports that 15-20% of fatal offshore accidents involve working at height, particularly on rigs and platforms. This approach also supports decarbonization efforts by improving the efficiency and accuracy of emission monitoring. Optimizing sampling point locations enhances safety, enabling faster detection of emission issues and timely interventions. This aligns with Indonesia's Ministerial Regulation No. P.19/MENLHK/2020 on Greenhouse Gas Emission Management, which emphasizes accurate emission measurements for reducing industrial greenhouse gas emissions. This study proposes a model for the Indonesian offshore industry, demonstrating how modified sampling point designs can reduce fatalities and support decarbonization goals.